Selecting Wearable Devices using AHP

Adopting wearable devices is crucial in Industry 5.0 applications, where humans become part of the digital representation of the factory, the so called Human Digital Twins. However, the selection of the devices to use turns to be cumbersome for practitioners and researchers, because of the wide availability of devices in the market.

We faced this criticality while adopting Clawdite in a real-world application, where the aim was to monitor worker’s physiological data so that to enhance the human-in-the-loop control of a production system.

We thus defined a methodology to support the devices selection, focusing on wearable devices for Industry 5.0 applications. The methodology is based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process method, and it allows us to successfully identifying the two devices that satisfy our needs the most, among a list of 110 alternatives.

Here below we report the list of the 89 devices we ranked using our methodology (we discarded obsolete devices and those not fitting the application requirements from the initial list of 100 devices). The top-20% devices are highlighted.

Wearable Classification

BrandModelTypePositionScreenInternal memoryInternal Storage [h]Battery life [h]Battery life GPS [h]Charging Time [h]Battery capacity [mAh]IP level/Water ratingWeight [g]Normalized weightPrice [Euro]ANT+Bluetooth Low EnergyWiFiDevice (data stream)AppAPIWeb/platformEMG (Electromyogram)ECG/EKG (Elettrocardiogram)BioimpedanceHR (Hearth Rate)HRV (Hearth Rate Variability)RR Interval/IBI (Inter-Beat Interval)PPI (Peak to Peak interval)Skin Temperature (ST)GSR (Galvanic Skin Response)/EDA (Electro Dermal Activity)Blood pressurePulse OX Blood Oxygen SaturationVO2 maxPPG (Pulse Plethysmogram)/BVP (Blood Volume Pulse)Hearth rate monitor (HRM)SpO2 sensorPedometerAccelerometerGyroscopeMagnetometerBarometerGPSAltimeterTermometerMicrophoneCompassAmbient light sensorOptical sensorsNFCAHP scoreNotesLinkSDK Link
Weights AHPAHP weights0.0300.0530.0300.0820.2660.0590.3600.119
GarminVenu 2SmartwatchWristXX200264225 ATM490.680400XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX0.989https://buy.garmin.com/it-IT/IT/p/707538#specshttps://developer.garmin.com/health-sdk/overview/
GarminVivoactive 4SmartwatchWristXX33619265 ATM500.670300XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX0.989https://buy.garmin.com/it-IT/IT/p/643382#specshttps://developer.garmin.com/health-sdk/overview/
GarminForerunner 945SmartwatchWristXX200336105 ATM500.670700XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX0.989HRV with additional cardio HRM-Trihttps://buy.garmin.com/it-IT/IT/p/621922#accessorieshttps://developer.garmin.com/health-sdk/overview/
GarminInstinct Solar Tactical EditionSmartwatchWristXX16MB5763010 ATM530.640350XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX0.988https://buy.garmin.com/it-IT/IT/p/716891https://developer.garmin.com/health-sdk/overview/
GarminFenix 6X Pro Solar EditionSmartwatchWristXX32GB5041510 ATM820.400900XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX0.981HRV with additional cardio HRM-Trihttps://buy.garmin.com/it-IT/IT/p/641375#specshttps://developer.garmin.com/health-sdk/overview/
GarminTactix DeltaSmartwatchWristXX32GB5041510 ATM970.280900XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX0.977https://buy.garmin.com/it-IT/IT/p/696005https://developer.garmin.com/health-sdk/overview/
PolarOH1TrackerArmX20012453 ATM200.920XXXXXXXXXXXXX0.966https://www.polar.com/it/prodotti_polar/accessori/sensore-di-frequenza-cardiaca-a-lettura-ottica-oh1https://www.polar.com/en/developers/api
PolarVerity SenseTrackerArmX600305 ATM200.92090XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX0.966https://www.polar.com/it/prodotti_polar/accessori/polar-verity-sensehttps://www.polar.com/en/developers/api
PolarH10TrackerChestX4003 ATM390.76090XXXXXXXXXXXXX0.962https://www.polar.com/it/prodotti_polar/accessori/sensore_di_frequenza_cardiaca_h10https://www.polar.com/en/developers/api
GarminVivosmart 4SmartbandWristXX336168170.940100XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX0.938https://buy.garmin.com/it-IT/IT/p/605739#specshttps://developer.garmin.com/health-sdk/overview/
PolarH9TrackerChest4003 ATM390.76060XXXXXXXXXX0.909https://www.polar.com/it/prodotti_polar/accessori/sensore_di_frequenza_cardiaca_H9https://www.polar.com/en/developers/api
WahooTickr XTrackerChestX50500IPX7480.68080XXXXXXXXXX0.900https://it-eu.wahoofitness.com/devices/heart-rate-monitors/tickr-x/buyhttps://developers.wahooligan.com/cloud
ScoscheRhythm24TrackerWristX245 ATM0.00082XXXXXXXXXX0.880https://www.scosche.com/rhythm24https://github.com/scosche/ScoscheSDK24
BiostrapActive SetTrackerMultipleX8MB60IP680.000271XXXXXXXXXXXX0.880https://shop.biostrap.com/products/active-sethttps://help.biostrap.com/support/solutions/articles/64000255145-do-you-have-an-api-or-sdk-
WahooElemnt RivalSmartwatchWristX5 ATM520.650380XXXXXXXXXXXX0.877https://it-eu.wahoofitness.com/devices/sport-watches/elemnt-rivalhttps://developers.wahooligan.com/cloud
ScoscheRhythm+2.0TrackerWrist245 ATM0.00066XXXXXXXXX0.827https://www.scosche.com/rhythm-plus-2-armband-heart-rate-monitorhttps://github.com/scosche/ScoscheSDK24
EmpaticaE4TrackerWristX602420,1 ATM250.8801390XXXXXXXXXXXXX0.824https://support.empatica.com/hc/en-us/articles/202581999-E4-wristband-technical-specificationshttps://developer.empatica.com/
CorosPace 2SmartwatchWristXX4803025 ATM290.840165XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX0.816https://coros.com/pace2.php
CorosVertixSmartwatchWristXX108060215 ATM540.630495XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX0.810https://coros.com/vertix.php
CorosApex ProSmartwatchWristXX72040210 ATM590.590413XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX0.809https://coros.com/apex-pro.php
CardiosportTP5DTrackerChestX166003 ATM101.00052XXXXXXXXXXXXX0.791https://www.cardiosport.co.uk/product-page/tp5-dual-bluetooth-ant-heart-rate-monitor
MyZoneMZ-SwitchTrackerWristXX3643201 ATM0.000131XXXXXXXX0.791https://buy.myzone.org/product/?code=MZ-Switch&lang=enUS&hsLang=en
BlueLezaHRMTrackerChest12960IPX8450.71050XXXXXX0.729https://shop.bluefeza.com/en/shop/blueleza-hrm-blue-bluetooth-smart-ant-heatrate-belt/
BittiumFaros 360TrackerChestX43201921.5IP67180.9303096XXXXXXXX0.707https://www.bittium.com/medical/bittium-faros
FitbitVersa 3SmartwatchWristXX72014415 ATM200.920230XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX0.554https://www.fitbit.com/global/it/products/smartwatches/versa3https://dev.fitbit.com/build/reference/web-api/
HuaweiBand 6SmartbandWristXX3365 ATM250.88059XXXXXXXXXXXXX0.553https://consumer.huawei.com/it/wearables/band6/https://developer.huawei.com/consumer/en/doc/development/HMSCore-Guides/health-introduce-0000001053684429
FitbitLuxeTrackerWristXX72012025 ATM260.870150XXXXXXXXXXXXX0.553https://www.fitbit.com/global/it/products/trackers/luxehttps://dev.fitbit.com/build/reference/web-api/
HuaweiWatch FitSmartwatchWristXX4GB240125 ATM270.86079XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX0.553https://consumer.huawei.com/it/wearables/watch-fit/https://developer.huawei.com/consumer/en/doc/development/HMSCore-Guides/health-introduce-0000001053684429
HuaweiTalkBand B6SmartbandWristXX16MB96120IP57290.840160XXXXXXXXXXXXXX0.552https://consumer.huawei.com/en/wearables/talkband-b6/https://developer.huawei.com/consumer/en/doc/development/HMSCore-Guides/health-introduce-0000001053684429
FitbitSenseSmartwatchWristXX7201441215 ATM300.830300XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX0.552https://www.fitbit.com/global/it/products/smartwatches/sensehttps://dev.fitbit.com/build/reference/web-api/
FitbitCharge 4TrackerWristXX720168525 ATM300.830130XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX0.552https://www.fitbit.com/global/it/products/trackers/charge4https://dev.fitbit.com/build/reference/web-api/
FitbitInspire 2TrackerWristXX72024025 ATM300.830100XXXXXXXXXXX0.552https://www.fitbit.com/global/it/products/trackers/inspire2https://dev.fitbit.com/build/reference/web-api/
SamsungGear Fit 2 ProTrackerWristXX2GB729200330.810XXXXXXXXXXX0.551https://www.samsung.com/it/watches/galaxy-fit/gear-fit2-pro-red-sm-r365nzrnitv/#specshttps://developer.samsung.com/sdp/blog/en-us/2019/10/02/use-tizen-web-to-measure-heart-rate-with-galaxy-watches
SamsungGalaxy Watch Active 2SmartwatchWristXX4GB601.53405 ATM420.730270XXXXXXXXXXXXX0.549https://www.samsung.com/it/watches/galaxy-watch-active/galaxy-watch-active2-44mm-gold-sm-r820nsdaitv/https://developer.samsung.com/sdp/blog/en-us/2019/10/02/use-tizen-web-to-measure-heart-rate-with-galaxy-watches
AppleWatch 6SmartwatchWristXX32GB181.55 ATM470.690440XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX0.548https://www.apple.com/it/shop/buy-watch/apple-watchhttps://developer.apple.com/documentation/healthkit
SamsungGalaxy Watch 3SmartwatchWristXX8GB4823405 ATM480.680380XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX0.547https://www.samsung.com/it/watches/galaxy-watch/galaxy-watch3-45mm-mystic-black-sm-r840nzkaeub/https://developer.samsung.com/sdp/blog/en-us/2019/10/02/use-tizen-web-to-measure-heart-rate-with-galaxy-watches
Suunto9 PeakSmartwatchWristXX17025110 ATM520.650700XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX0.546Combine with Sunto Smart Sensor for RRhttps://www.suunto.com/it-it/Prodotti/Orologi-per-lo-sport/suunto-9-peak/suunto-9-peak-granite-blue-titanium/https://apizone.suunto.com/how-to-start
Suunto7SmartwatchWristXX48125 ATM700.500330XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX0.542Combine with Sunto Smart Sensor for RRhttps://www.suunto.com/it-it/Prodotti/Orologi-per-lo-sport/suunto-7/suunto-7-black/https://apizone.suunto.com/how-to-start
HuaweiWatch 3 ProSmartwatchWristXX16GB120225 ATM700.500409XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX0.542https://consumer.huawei.com/it/wearables/watch-3-pro/https://developer.huawei.com/consumer/en/doc/development/HMSCore-Guides/health-introduce-0000001053684429
MisfitVapor XSmartwatchWristXX4GB241.53005 ATM0.000XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX0.527https://www.smartwatchseries.com/misfit-vapor-x-full-specifications/https://build.misfit.com/docs/cloudapi/overview
SamsungGalaxy Gear S3SmartwatchWristXX4GB723805 ATM0.000XXXXXXXXXXXXX0.527https://www.samsung.com/it/wearables/gear-s3/https://developer.samsung.com/sdp/blog/en-us/2019/10/02/use-tizen-web-to-measure-heart-rate-with-galaxy-watches
EmpaticaEmbracePlusSmartwatchWristX0.000225XXXXXXXXXXXX0.509https://www.empatica.com/en-eu/embraceplus/https://www.empatica.com/en-eu/embraceplus/
ActiGraphGT9X LinkTrackerMultipleXX28803361 ATM140.970XXXXXXXXXXX0.497Requires Polar H7 or Polar H10 for RRhttps://actigraphcorp.com/actigraph-link/https://github.com/actigraph/StudyAdminAPIDocumentation
Withings Move ECGSmartwatchWristXX86405 ATM320.820130XXXXXXXXXXX0.492HR only with ECGhttps://www.withings.com/it/en/move-ecghttps://developer.withings.com/
PolarIgnite 2SmartwatchWristXX120201653 ATM350.790230XXXXXXXXXXXX0.492RR with H9 or H10https://www.polar.com/it/ignite2https://www.polar.com/en/developers/api
Withings Pulse HRTrackerWristXX12048012025 ATM450.710100XXXXXXXXXX0.489https://www.withings.com/us/en/pulse-hrhttps://developer.withings.com/
PolarM430SmartwatchWristXX6012082403 ATM510.660200XXXXXXXXXXXX0.488RR with H9 or H10https://www.polar.com/it/prodotti_polar/sport/M430-training-computer-con-gps-integratohttps://www.polar.com/en/developers/api
PolarVantage V2SmartwatchWristXX16840234610 ATM520.650500XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX0.487RR with H9 or H10https://www.polar.com/it/vantage/v2https://www.polar.com/en/developers/api
PolarGrit XSmartwatchWristXX16840234610 ATM640.550430XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX0.484RR with H9 or H10https://www.polar.com/it/grit-xhttps://www.polar.com/en/developers/api
Suunto9 BaroSmartwatchWristXX1684010 ATM810.410480XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX0.480Combine with Sunto Smart Sensor for RRhttps://www.suunto.com/it-it/Prodotti/Orologi-per-lo-sport/suunto-9-baro/suunto-9-baro-black/https://apizone.suunto.com/how-to-start
Withings ScanWatchSmartwatchWristXX720625 ATM830.390280XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX0.480https://www.withings.com/it/en/scanwatchhttps://developer.withings.com/
OmronHeartGuideSmartwatchWristXX2401150.120550XXXXXXXX0.472https://www.omron-healthcare.it/it/misuratori-di-pressione/heartguide.htmlhttps://omronhealthcare.com/api/
Actiheart5TrackerChestX1GB336IPX7150.960XXXXXXXXX0.467https://www.camntech.com/actiheart-5/https://www.camntech.com/actiheart-5/
ActiGraphwGT3X-BTTrackerMultipleX28807441 ATM190.930XXXXXXXXXX0.466Requires Polar H7 or Polar H10 for RRhttps://actigraphcorp.com/actigraph-wgt3x-bt/https://github.com/actigraph/StudyAdminAPIDocumentation
PulseOnOHR TrackerTrackerWristX15120290.840XXXXXXXXXX0.463https://pulseon.com/tech/ohr-trackerhttps://pulseon.com/tech/ohr-tracker
BiofourmisEverionTrackerArmX120720IP67400.750XXXXXXXXXXX0.461https://support.biofourmis.com/hc/en-us/articles/213108389-Overview-of-the-Everion-device-hardware-componentshttp://54.169.204.182/
AidlabAidlabTrackerChestX483400460.700230XXXXXXXXXX0.45910 devices x $2,499.00 (Aidlab Team Package)https://www.aidlab.com/specs#featureshttps://www.aidlab.com/research
Equivitaleq02+ LifeMonitorTrackerChestX8GB48IP670.000XXXXXXXXXXXXXX0.438https://www.equivital.com/products/eq02-lifemonitor?cn-reloaded=1https://www.cambridgewireless.co.uk/media/uploads/resources/Location%20Group/09.03.15/Location-19.03.15-Equivital-Deborah_Jones.pdf
EquivitalEX eq02+ LifeMonitorTrackerChestX8GB48IP670.000XXXXXXXXXX0.438https://www.equivital.com/products/ex-eq02-lifemonitor?cn-reloaded=1https://www.cambridgewireless.co.uk/media/uploads/resources/Location%20Group/09.03.15/Location-19.03.15-Equivital-Deborah_Jones.pdf
ZephyrBioArness 3.0TrackerChestX203IP550.000700XXXXXXXXXXXXXX0.438https://www.zephyranywhere.com/media/download/bioharness-log-data-descriptions-07-apr-2016.pdfhttps://www.zephyranywhere.com/resources/developer-user-tools
HexoskinSmart ShirtShirtBodyX600120.000478XXXXXXXXXXXX0.438https://www.hexoskin.com/https://api.hexoskin.com/docs/index.html
Withings Steel HR SportSmartwatchWristX60012025 ATM500.670180XXXXXXXXXXXX0.435https://www.withings.com/it/en/steel-hrhttps://developer.withings.com/
AmazfitGTR 2SmartwatchWristXX3GB168152.54715 ATM400.750170XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX0.430https://it.amazfit.com/collections/smart-watch/products/amazfit-gtr-2
SuuntoSmart SensorTracker500300.83080XXXXXX0.410https://www.suunto.com/it-it/Supporto/Supporto-prodotto/suunto_smart_sensor/suunto_smart_sensor/riferimento/specifiche-tecniche/https://apizone.suunto.com/how-to-start
FossilSmartwatch Gen 5SmartwatchWristXX8GB241.53 ATM0.000200XXXXXXXXXXXXXX0.408https://www.fossil.com/it-it/products/smartwatch-gen-5-garrett-hr-con-cinturino-in-silicone-nero/FTW4041.html
ShimmerVerisense Pulse+TrackerWristX10564320IP55300.830XXXXXXXXXXXXXX0.403Subscription plan needed. Single modules available. Check for SDKhttps://www.shimmersensing.com/products/verisense-pulse-kit#download-tabhttps://www.shimmersensing.com/products/shimmer-android-id
XiaomiMi Band 6TrackerWristXX12021255 ATM130.97045XXXXXXXXXX0.378https://www.mi.com/it/product/mi-smart-band-6
AmazfitBand 5TrackerWristXX16MB36021255 ATM240.88035XXXXXXXXXX0.376https://it.amazfit.com/products/amazfit-band-5
XiaomiMi WatchSmartwatchWristXX8GB384504205 ATM320.820130XXXXXXXXXXX0.373https://www.mi.com/it/mi-watch
AmazfitXSmartwatchWristXX128MB16822055 ATM470.690300XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX0.370https://it.amazfit.com/collections/smart-watch/products/amazfit-x
MyKronozZeSport2SmartwatchWristXX9674603 ATM500.670100XXXXXXXXXX0.369https://www.mykronoz.com/eu/it/collezione/zesport2.html
AmazfitT-Rex ProSmartwatchWristXX3GB432401.539010 ATM600.580170XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX0.366https://www.amazfit.com/en/t-rex-pro
RealmeWatch S ProSmartwatchWristXX3364205 ATM630.560130XXXXXXXXXXX0.366https://buy.realme.com/it/goods/164
EmpaticaEmbrace2SmartwatchWristX14481.4900,1 ATM130.970205XXXXXXXXX0.348https://www.empatica.com/en-eu/embrace2/
MoovNowTrackerWristX4320150.96050XXXX0.348https://welcome.moov.cc/moovnow/specs
AmazonHaloTrackerWristX485 ATM240.88082XXXXXXX0.346https://www.amazon.com/Amazon-Halo-Fitness-And-Health-Band/dp/B07QK955LS
IsansysLifetouchPatchChest960.000XXXXXXXX0.325Check for APIhttps://www.isansys.com/en/Wearable-Sensorshttps://www.isansys.com/en/connectivity
RealmeBandSmartbandWristX144905 ATM200.92025XXXXX0.324https://www.realme.com/it/realme-band
HonorBand 6TrackerWristX3365 ATM230.89049XXXXXXXXXX0.323https://www.hihonor.com/global/products/wearables/honor-band-6/
WhoopStrap 3.0TrackerWristX7212010.00025/monthXXXXXXXXX0.319Needs the monthly subscriptionhttps://www.whoop.com/membership/strap/
VitalConnectVitalPatchPatchMultipleX101680.000XXXXXXXXXXX0.319Single use, check APIhttps://vitalconnect.com/solutions/vitalpatch/
KomodoAIO SleeveSleeveArmX32MB120.00096XXXXXXXXXX0.319Check SDKhttps://komodotec.com/aio-specs-ekg/https://komodotec.com/aio-specs-ekg/
MoreProMorePro V19TrackerWristX1201.52205 ATM500.67038XXXXXXXXXX0.316https://www.more-pro.com/collections/v19/products/v19-ecg-monitor-fitness-tracker
MoreProGT2 Smart WatchSmartwatchWristX12022205 ATM550.62047XXXXXXXXXX0.315https://www.more-pro.com/products/gt2-24-hour-continuous-heart-rate-monitoring
AsusVivoWatch BP (HC-A04)SmartwatchWrist672IP67450.710169XXXXXXXXX0.287https://www.asus.com/it/Mobile/Wearable-Healthcare/VivoWatch/ASUS-VivoWatch-BP-HC-A04/
QardioQardioCoreTrackerChest24IP651300.000499XXXXXXXXXX0.266https://www.getqardio.com/it/qardiocore-wearable-ecg-ekg-monitor-iphone/
Lief TherapeuticsLief Smart PatchPatchMultiple480.000131XXXXXXXX0.266https://getlief.com/
AidmedAidmedTrackerChestX0.000495XXXXXXXXXXXXXX0.172Check connectivity optionshttps://shop.aidlab.com/collections/aidlab/products/aidmedhttps://www.aidlab.com/research
SoteraViSi MobileTrackerWristXX8GB1242000IPX71100.170XXXXXXXXXXX0.147Check for SDKhttps://medaval.ie/docs/specs/Sotera-VisiMobile-Specs.pdf